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Louise Marie Adélaïde de Bourbon-Penthièvre, Duchess of Orléans
Louise Marie Adélaïde de Bourbon-Penthièvre, Duchess of Orléans (13 March 1753 – 23 June 1821), was the daughter of Louis Jean Marie de Bourbon, Duke of Penthièvre and of Princess Maria Theresa Felicitas of Modena. At the death of her brother, Louis Alexandre de Bourbon-Penthièvre, ''prince de Lamballe'', she became the wealthiest heiress in France prior to the French Revolution. She married Louis Philippe II, Duke of Orléans, the "regicide" ''Philippe Égalité'', and was the mother of France's last king, Louis Philippe I, King of the French. She was sister-in-law to ''the princesse de Lamballe'', and was the last member of the ''Bourbon-Penthièvre'' family.
==Biography==
Marie-Adélaïde was born on 13 March 1753 at the Hôtel de Toulouse, the family residence in Paris since 1712, when her grandfather, Louis-Alexandre de Bourbon, comte de Toulouse, bought it from Louis Phélypeaux de La Vrillière. Her mother died in childbirth the following year.〔Lenotre, G., ''Le Château de Rambouillet: six siècles d'histoire'', Denoël, Paris, 1984, chapter 5: ''Le prince des pauvres'', p. 71.〕 Styled ''Mademoiselle d'Ivoy''〔(from seigneurie d'Ivoy-Carignan ), books.google.com; accessed 14 April 2014.〕 initially and, as a young girl, until her marriage, ''Mademoiselle de Penthièvre'' (derived from the duchy inherited by her father). The style of ''Mademoiselle de Penthièvre'' had been previously borne by her sister Marie Louise de Bourbon (1751–1753), who died six months after Marie-Adélaïde's birth.
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